Christmas guest in the hack pen

The new hack we built in the autumn has helped some of our hospital birds in their rehabilitation before release into the wild again.

Checking out the new lodgings

Checking out the new lodgings

Over the Christmas period a new species spent some time in there. A young male Sparrowhawk (also known as a Musket to falconers) was put in the pen to gain fitness after an extended stay with us. He was brought in unable to fly after sustaining feather damage. Birds of prey replace their feathers very slowly, and a young Sparrowhawk won’t replace all of its juvenile feathers until it’s third summer. This means that any damage sustained in it’s first year can have a detrimental effect on it’s survival, as this species relies on it’s feathers being in tip-top condition to be able to hunt.

The grey adult feathers are better quality than the brown juvenile feathers, which can take 3 years to replace.

The grey adult feathers are better quality than the brown juvenile feathers, which can take 3 years to replace.

You may have been lucky enough to see a Sparrowhawk hunting, as they are now a fairly common sight in urban gardens, especially if you have a good population of garden birds regularly visiting your feeders. Sparrowhawks will map out the neighbourhood and know the best routes into the densest populations of small birds, such as House Sparrows, Starlings and Blackbirds. Females are significantly larger than males and can even take full grown Woodpigeons, which weigh about the same as them!

These hawks are capable of catching prey in the air, and their feathers enable them to be highly manoeuvrable in pursuit of their prey. They will also take small rodents and are excellent ambush predators as they use vegetation to get closer to their target.

As a young bird, the Musket will spend a week or so in the hack pen, to introduce it to the release location. The hack pen is designed with small gaps in the structure to allow prey animals such as mice and voles access, which should allow the Musket the opportunity to catch it’s own food. Our falconers will also provide food for it, and once the pen is opened, food will continue to be provided until we are certain the bird is no longer visiting, by using trail cameras.

The Musket will be able to hunt for rodents in a more natural environment before release.

The Musket will be able to hunt for rodents in a more natural environment before release.




Sooty the Tawny Owl

Some calls to our Raptor Hospital require a falconer to assist with bringing the bird in. We received such a call last week when a couple found a Tawny Owl in a bit of a predicament.

What Jess found when she arrived - Sooty was wedged into the flue with just her tail feathers poking out!

What Jess found when she arrived - Sooty was wedged into the flue with just her tail feathers poking out!

Sooty was found stuck in a flue behind a wood burner after thinking the chimney was a nice place to roost away from the cold. After being gently freed from the flue Sooty was covered in thick soot, so took a trip to us where we swiftly rinsed her off to avoid her ingesting too much more. She had to be cleaned several times to remove the soot from her feathers, but over the course of a few days her true colours started shining through!

It is quite common to find Tawnies in this situation at this time of year as they often use old hollowed out trees to roost in, so a chimney pot can look a very inviting and cosy place to roost! Unfortunately many get stuck and will get over encumbered with soot which can cause them endless issues - from eye irritation through to ingestion which can make them very sick. Even worse, if the chimney is in use smoke inhalation alone can cause their demise but luckily for Sooty the burner had not been used for a few weeks!

The best way to avoid this happening is to install caps on the chimney to stop wildlife getting in!

After a few days in an aviary for observation, to check she hadn’t ingested too much or caused any damage to her feathers, Sooty was ready for release!

Muddy Buzzard

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We recently took in a rather bedraggled young Buzzard. It was found stuck in the mud of the River Orwell, having been mobbed by the resident pair of Peregrine Falcons.

When it arrived, the mud had congealed on to most of its tail and wing feathers, so our falconers carefully bathed it in warm water to try and release it. This needed to be repeated a couple of times as the water quickly got very dirty!

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Once clean, the bird was checked over before being put in a warm box to dry off. It was discovered to have frounce, a yeast infection which causes pain and swelling to the birds digestive tract. This is easily treated with the right medication, and it was given the appropriate treatment.

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The Buzzard is spending some time in our aviaries whilst being treated for frounce, and will be able to build up some weight in preparation for the coming winter before it’s released.






During the 60s and 70s, Peregrine numbers dropped drastically, but they have recovered well and are now found in many new areas, including urban areas such as Norwich and Ipswich. Peregrines are highly specialised aerial predators and can easily tackle prey as large as themselves, such as pigeons and ducks. It is likely that this was a young bird dispersing that drifted into the resident Peregrine territory and was therefore being told to clear off.


UPDATE - We were pleased to receive this video of the Buzzard being released somewhere slightly less muddy by the original finder.


"Drunk" Buzzard released

With the Sanctuary closed to visitors, our raptor hospital has remained open to care for wild birds of prey that need some help. We recently took in a rather ill Buzzard, which was found on the edge of a field.

The Buzzard was showing little signs of life when it was found in a field.

The Buzzard was showing little signs of life when it was found in a field.

Upon arrival, we couldn’t find anything obviously wrong with it, but it clearly wasn’t very well, so we put it in a small aviary and kept it in for observations. After about 36 hours, it appeared to be coming round, but was very unsteady and unable to focus on anything. The following day, a fresh faced Buzzard was looking out of the aviary and eating everything we gave it.

Having spoken to others who work in wildlife rescue, we think this Buzzard may have been feasting on prey that had been feeding at a nearby grain silo, where fermenting grain has been known to influence the behaviour of those animals which decide to eat it, and causing them to become drunk.

This is not a new phenomenon - every year during late autumn stories emerge of deer and rodents which have been over indulging on fermenting fruit and found themselves in compromising situations, but we have not found any stories relating to predatory species, such as birds of prey, which would have to eat a large amount of “drunk” prey to feel the effects.

We were very pleased with this Buzzard’s progress and after a few days, the original finders came to collect her and released her near where she’d been found. Hopefully she learnt her lesson and will stay away from the fermenting grain silos in future!

Nocturnal Release

A final check before being transported to the release site.

A final check before being transported to the release site.

A few weeks ago we wrote about a young Tawny Owl who had been brought in after a suspected collision with a vehicle.

After some time in our aviaries to recover, we determined this was actually a second year bird as it had started to moult it’s primary feathers, and probably a male based on its size. He was rather distinctive as his plumage was more ginger in colour than the usual brown.

Compared to some of our recent hospital admissions, this boy was a perfect patient and took his food and medication without the need for intervention.

He made good progress and we were delighted to release him into woodland last week, under an almost full moon!

Ready for release. We switched our headtorches to a red light after this photo was taken to allow his eyes time to adjust to the darkness, before he flew off into the moonlight.

Ready for release. We switched our headtorches to a red light after this photo was taken to allow his eyes time to adjust to the darkness, before he flew off into the moonlight.

When choosing release sites, we have to consider the availability of suitable habitat and food, as well as any dangers to owls, such as roads or an already high population of predators.
Although Tawny Owls are predominantly a woodland bird, they do often hunt over open ground, especially if there are tussocks of vegetation for small rodents to hide in. On the walk in, we heard many small scurries in the undergrowth alongside the track, so are confident that this area will have a plentiful supply of rodents for our Tawny to hunt as winter approaches.


First guests in the new Hack pen

With the installation of our new Hack Pen, we decided that the first candidates for release would be two Kestrels that we’ve had in over the summer.

The young female on the left, with the male on the right. Settling into their new lodgings.

The young female on the left, with the male on the right. Settling into their new lodgings.

The male has been with us since June, when he was found by Anglian Water in an outdoor sewage processing pit. After a thorough clean he was put into one of our hospital aviaries to recuperate. The incident had left him with a severely damaged tail (possibly from being in the sewage), so it was important to give him a safe place to regrow his tail feathers, which are used to maintain balance when hunting.

The young female was brought in to us after being found grounded after wet weather. She also had a damaged tail, so was placed in an aviary to recuperate and regrow some of her feathers.

These two kestrels were deemed fit for release shortly before the hack pen was built, so were the ideal birds to move in and try out the facilities. Our falconers visited every couple of days to supply them with food, although the pen is designed to allow wild rodents access, so we hope that they were also able to practice their hunting skills.

The main purpose is to allow the birds to build fitness, so the pen is designed with the feed tray low to the ground, encouraging the birds to fly down, grab food then carry it up to a perch. The vertical slats give privacy while allowing the birds to observe their surroundings outside the pen. On a number of occasions a wild female kestrel was seen in the vicinity of the pen (including sitting on the roof!), so we suspect the male has been calling to her and she was curious about the newcomers to her territory.

We have now opened the door to the pen, allowing these birds to come and go as they please. The pen will remain open and we will continue to put food out for the birds until we are confident they have become independent. A trail cam has been installed to help us monitor any movements, and we will post a further update in due course.

Winter is coming

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Winter is coming…

With winter just around the corner, we’ve seen a number of younger birds brought into our Raptor Hospital suffering from starvation and dehydration. This is nature’s way of determining the “survival of the fittest” and making sure that only healthy birds survive to breed and pass on their genes to the next generation.

In the wild, birds will often overcompensate for this and lay more eggs than would be required to replace the parents. Tawny owls can lay up to three eggs, buzzards four, kestrels up to six eggs per clutch and barn owls can lay up to eleven eggs and have been known to have two broods a year. Birds of prey will start incubating the first egg as soon as it’s laid, which means that the chicks don’t all hatch at the same time (known as asynchronous hatching), and in larger clutches can mean a week or more between the first and last hatched chicks.

This obviously gives the first chicks to hatch a massive head start, so by the time the youngest chick has hatched, it is often at the bottom of the pile for food from the parents and means that the younger chicks often die of starvation. In some species, such as eagles, obligate siblicide occurs, where the larger, stronger chick kills and eats its smaller siblings in years when food is scarce. 

In wild barn owls, only 40% survive to see their first birthday, whereas in kestrels this is only 29%, so it is unsurprising that we’ve had so many intakes in the past month. However, if they do survive their first year, they stand a good chance of living to a good age, according to their species - the average for barn owls is 4 years although they have been known to live for up to 16 years in the wild.

For our native birds of prey, most youngsters have been out looking after themselves for a few months now, hopefully gaining experience hunting for prey and learning where to find shelter when we have had bad weather. But with bad weather days being more frequent as winter approaches, some are clearly struggling to find enough food. 

Young bird feathers are not as waterproof as adult feathers, so constant rain can be a killer as the birds struggle to hunt in rain. As the juvenile plumage gets wet in the process, the feathers can’t dry before the birds have to try hunting again.  We’ve also had strong winds, which can blow birds into buildings, trees or vehicles if caught unawares, and can lead to damaged feathers or broken bones.

Whilst we do everything we can for all the birds that are brought into the hospital, some come in so weak that they are unable to eat by themselves. We can intervene and tube feed to get essential nutrients into them, but regrettably this sometimes comes too late and a number may die if we are unable to nourish them in time.

Illegal trapping in Suffolk

We recently took in an injured Barn Owl, which was found struggling to stand. Upon investigation it was rushed to our vets who took X-Rays and confirmed that both femurs (upper leg bone) had been shattered. This is almost certainly the result of being caught in a Fenn or Pole trap, which have been illegal since 1904.

X ray showing the shattered upper legs of a Barn Owl.

X ray showing the shattered upper legs of a Barn Owl.

Unfortunately, there was nothing we could do to save this owl so it was euthanised to end it’s suffering. However, the story doesn’t end there. Over the years we have worked closely with the local wildlife crime officers on similar cases, so the owl was sent to them for an official post mortem. We shared with them the location the owl was found, and they did a sweep of the local farm and estate. Although nothing was found, they are hopeful that news will spread amongst the community that it was investigated and that the perpetrator will be dissuaded from putting traps out again.

Though it is upsetting to deal with illegally trapped animals, this case is doubly so as this barn owl was unlikely to have been the intended catch. Pole traps are more commonly used to catch Sparrowhawks and Buzzards, which do occasionally hunt poultry and game birds. The nature of these traps leads to the indiscriminate maiming and killing of countless wild birds around the UK every year, despite the laws against them, but they can also be a threat to mammals.

Illegally persecuted wildlife is often found dumped on roadsides, as the culprits try to “hide” the evidence on our increasingly busy roads (see previous blog). Raptors, badgers and foxes are the most commonly found, and injuries sustained through hunting, trapping or baiting can be disguised by a few knocks from vehicles. There are a few dedicated groups around the UK who collect roadkill and investigate whether it is dead from a genuine accident or not.

If you see anything suspicious in the countryside, please call 101 and report it to the police.

For more information about Operation Owl, please visit:
https://www.operationowl.com/

Virtual Sessions launching Oct 2020

2020 has been a difficult year for many, especially those working with children and young people across the region, Here at Suffolk Owl Sanctuary we continue to offer educational visits for groups, but understand that in these times, it may be impractical to organise a visit to our Sanctuary, or to have visitors come to you.

Following discussions with other Education Officers from collections around the world, we are pleased to be launching Virtual Sessions from October 2020. These will be live sessions for schools and groups, delivered via a secure Zoom link, on a range of topics linked to the national curriculum. The list below is the sessions we have prepared so far, but we are open to suggestions so please let us know if there is something else you would like us to cover:

Food chains and webs
British habitats
Nocturnal Animals
Raptor Conservation
All About Owls
Animal Storytime
Owl Pellet Detectives, either as a demo or as a practical. Owl pellets are priced at £3 each and should be ordered from our website 2 weeks before the session date: https://www.owl-help.org.uk/pellet-detectives

Owl Pellet Detectives is already a popular session. Photo by L. Mundford.

Owl Pellet Detectives is already a popular session. Photo by L. Mundford.

These sessions will be priced at £35. Each session will last up to 1 hour (practical Owl Pellet Detectives, may run a bit longer if required) and will include different activities relating to raptors and time for questions at the end. We can provide worksheets for these sessions, which will be made available from our website to download.

Sessions are available Mon-Fri 10-4, but if you would like to arrange a session outwith these times, please do get in touch with our Education Officer, Susan, to discuss.
( susan@owlbarn.co.uk )

The dangers of roads

Over recent months, we have received a number of casualties into the hospital which are suspected of being involved in Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs).

This Barn Owl was found on the side of a road. She arrived last week with no obvious signs of injury, but will be kept in for monitoring. Otherwise, she was in good condition, so we think she was just unlucky in choosing her hunting grounds the day she was brought in.

This Barn Owl arrived after a suspected RTA. The staining on her feathers is from her nares (or nostrils), and is similar to a nosebleed so not thought to be serious.

This Barn Owl arrived after a suspected RTA. The staining on her feathers is from her nares (or nostrils), and is similar to a nosebleed so not thought to be serious.

We also have a Buzzard in the hospital which arrived with obvious head trauma, again, after a suspected collision with a vehicle. After some monitoring in an aviary, our vet determined it may have a condition known as uveitis, which can cause pain in the eye. This can usually be treated successfully, and we are hopeful that both our current Road Rescues will make full recoveries and be released into the wild soon.

This Buzzard was brought in with head injuries and is being monitored in our aviaries.

This Buzzard was brought in with head injuries and is being monitored in our aviaries.

Britain has enough roads to wrap around the Earth 10 times (247,000 miles!). A recent report shows that over 70% of Britain falls within 700m of a road, causing impacts such as noise, light and chemical pollution, as well as the more obvious risk of collisions.
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16899-x)

Some wildlife appears to have adapted to live life in the fast lane, especially scavengers such as Red Kites, Crows and Foxes, who will treat busy roads almost like a buffet, feasting on those unable to get out of the way quickly enough. These animals are known to be intelligent and adaptable, and there have been reports that in social species one individual will warn others of oncoming traffic so they can get out of the way.

Others have struggled to adapt. Hedgehogs were recently reclassified as Vulnerable to Extinction due to their population decline, and one of the main reasons for this is RTAs, with roads cutting up the landscape, making it hard for hedgehogs to move around. Hedgehogs main defence is to roll up in a ball, which unfortunately does not stand up against cars and lorries. They can also struggle with kerbs, so having crossed the road safely, they may be unable to escape the other side into the safety of the verge or hedge.

For land based animals, one way to help is to create wildlife bridges over or tunnels under roads. This is mostly done in America and continenal Europe, although in Scotland, some roads have rope bridges across to help Red Squirrels move around, and every year hundreds of volunteers will help amphibians around the UK to cross roads between their hibernation sites and their breeding ponds. National Geographic have covered this several times, with the most recent article on this topic here: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/04/wildlife-overpasses-underpasses-make-animals-people-safer/

Roadside raptors are a familiar sight in East Anglia, but they have mixed fortunes living close to roads. Road verges are a perfect place for small rodents to live, as they are relatively protected from predators due to the traffic. This makes them ideal places for raptors to hunt, and Kestrels are commonly seen perched on poles or hovering alongside roads waiting for a mouse to emerge. While Kestrels are mobile enough to get out of the way, other birds, such as Barn Owls can get caught up in the slipstream of passing vehicles and thrown into oncoming traffic.

An unfortunate Barn Owl, killed on the road. Photo by Mike Toms.

An unfortunate Barn Owl, killed on the road. Photo by Mike Toms.

Project Splatter is a citizen science project based at Cardiff University which records roadkill around the UK. Their figures for 2019 show that 285 Birds of Prey were recorded around the UK, with 36 in East Anglia. Of these 43 were Barn Owls nationwide, with 8 found in East Anglia. Interestingly, they also revealed that the figures up to July 2020 show that 60 Barn Owls have been recorded around the UK this year, out of 143 Birds of Prey in total. This could be for a number of reasons, and they are currently working on a report looking at the impact of Lockdown on roadkill.

For more information about Project Splatter, please visit:
https://projectsplatter.co.uk/
You can report your roadkill sightings via the website or their social media channels.



Surprise in a box

We were recently brought in a young bird that was found locally - to our surprise when we opened the box we were greeted with a very beautiful young red kite! An unusual sight around East Anglia and an incredibly rare sight in our hospital. Even more unusual was that this bird was wing tagged - we were uncertain if kites were even being recorded locally. We found the BTO metal ring on it's leg (with a unique alpha numeric code to identify this bird as an individual) and after being reported to the BTO we found that the bird had been ringed and tagged in the nest near Downham Market, along with it’s sibling.

This young Red Kite was brought into the hospital exhausted and dehydrated. Gaping is a natural response to being handled, which was kept to a minimum to limit stress.

This young Red Kite was brought into the hospital exhausted and dehydrated. Gaping is a natural response to being handled, which was kept to a minimum to limit stress.

We then started investigating what had caused this bird to be found grounded in a field - although thin it was not showing any signs of illness or injury apart from exhaustion and dehydration so after some fluids it was put straight out into an aviary to assess his movements. The most obvious causes would be simply a lack of available forage (as these birds are mostly scavengers) due to weather conditions at the time (heatwave) it could have simply been exhaustion.

BJ looking much better after a few days of R&R in our aviary.

BJ looking much better after a few days of R&R in our aviary.

Kites are easy to age - first year birds do not have a full silver head or fully forked tail at this age and they also have very dark eyes - a sure sign that this is definitely this years fledgling, even if we hadn't had the ringing details to confirm this. 

Numerically, Red Kites are a common sight elsewhere in the UK but have yet to become established in East Anglia. Ringing figures from 2019 show that 195 Kites were ringed, with 35 being wing tagged like this individual, and more receiving colour rings on their legs (similar to those seen on swans). Only 26 Red Kites have ever been ringed in Norfolk.

Happily, after a couple of weeks in our aviaries, this young bird was ready for release last week. Fingers crossed it will stay out trouble and stay in the East Anglia area to boost the population here.

For more information about wing tagging and the ringing scheme, please visit the British Trust for Ornithology website:https://www.bto.org/our-science/projects/ringing/about  

Hedgehogs classed as Vulnerable to extinction

Hedgehogs classed as Vulnerable to extinction

At the end of July, a report by the Mammal Society declared that 11 of the 47 native mammal species to the UK are now threatened with regional extinction. Of relevance to the animals held at Suffolk Owl Sanctuary, Red Squirrels are listed as Endangered, Hedgehogs are now Vulnerable and Harvest Mice are Near Threatened.

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